Can I apply for dual citizenship after living in Spain on a Non-Lucrative Visa?
Yes, U.S. citizens residing in Spain on a Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) can eventually apply for dual citizenship, albeit under specific conditions. While the NLV itself provides a pathway for long-term residence, it does not directly grant you citizenship. Dual citizenship in Spain is achievable, but it requires patience, a strong understanding of the legal requirements, and a commitment to the process which includes maintaining residence, learning the Spanish language, and demonstrating integration into Spanish society.
Eligibility Requirements
To qualify for dual citizenship after living on an NLV, you must primarily commit to legally residing in Spain for a decade. This 10-year residency rule generally applies to Americans since Spain does not have a bilateral agreement with the U.S. for reduced residency timelines. During these years, you must ensure your NLV is renewed as per the standard regulations. Demonstrating a good conduct record and fulfilling other residency obligations also form part of the eligibility criteria. It’s crucial to integrate culturally and linguistically by learning Spanish, as this will be tested during the nationality application process.
Pathway from Non-Lucrative Visa to Citizenship
The journey from holding an NLV to Spanish citizenship begins with successful visa renewals. After the initial one-year permit, the NLV can be renewed for two additional periods of two years each. By the end of the five-year mark, you’ll be eligible to apply for permanent residency. Achieving this status not only reinforces your commitment to Spanish life but also makes you eligible for citizenship after another five years, totaling the standard ten-year residency period. Throughout this timeline, it’s vital to maintain Spanish residency, which means not spending more than six months outside Spain within a single year.
Application Process for Citizenship
Once you satisfy the ten-year residency requirement, you can commence the citizenship application process. The application involves a series of steps beginning with gathering necessary documents such as your residency permit, criminal record certificate from the U.S., proof of medical insurance, evidence of financial means, and the DELE A2 and CCSE exam certifications which demonstrate your proficiency in Spanish and knowledge of Spanish culture and laws, respectively. You need to submit these documents through the Spanish Ministry of Justice’s online platform or at a corresponding office.
Comparison with the Digital Nomad Visa
For U.S. nationals eyeing a shorter pathway or varied options for residence, the Digital Nomad Visa can be appealing. This visa is designed for remote workers, enabling them to live and work legally in Spain. However, similar to the NLV, this visa also requires renewal and adherence to residency mandates if you aim for citizenship eventually. It’s important to consider that both visas offer different benefits and obligations, thus evaluating your professional and personal circumstances is essential before choosing the most suitable option.
Integration into Spanish Society
Integration is a key consideration for citizenship. Being proficient in Spanish is not just mandatory but also facilitates a smoother transition into the society. Participating in local community activities, understanding Spanish laws, and adapting to cultural norms significantly bolster your application. The Spanish government attaches importance to foreign residents being part of the fabric of Spanish life, which is why completing the DELE A2 or higher (for language proficiency) and CCSE (Knowledge of Constitutional and Sociocultural Matters of Spain) tests are non-negotiable components of your citizenship application.
Next Steps
Beyond successfully applying for citizenship, retaining dual nationality requires that Americans maintain their U.S. citizenship rights. It’s worthwhile to consult with legal experts to ensure compliance with U.S. laws regarding dual nationality. Once your citizenship application is approved, you will attend a civil ceremony in Spain, where after taking an oath of allegiance to Spain, you’ll be awarded a Spanish passport and citizenship certificate.
For more details, check out our comprehensive guide – Move to Spain
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